Articles
Vol. 27 No. 4 (2015)
Published on
Bia Mandžuka, Zvonko Kavran
2015 (Vol 27), Issue 4
Borna Abramović, Jozef Gašparík, Martin Halás
2015 (Vol 27), Issue 4
A variety of methodologies are being used across Europe for the estimation of railway infrastructure capacity. This paper introduces the basic principles of the methodologies used – analytical methodology (e.g. Slovak railways), UIC methodology, and the graphically developed methodology of the Department of Railway Transport, University of Žilina (KŽD). On the basis of these new approaches, the occupation time estimation is researched. This new method is based on a graphic approach that uses operational time intervals as part of occupation time in accordance with the Slovak methodology. The new methodology concerns graphic capacity estimation and is a conceptual framework developed by the authors for easier evaluation of occupation time in train traffic diagrams.
Mirsad Imamović, Sinan Alispahić
2015 (Vol 27), Issue 4
Ren-Yong Guo, Xiao-Shan Lu
2015 (Vol 27), Issue 4
A bi-objective programming model (BP) with spatial equity constraints is proposed to site park-and-ride (P&R) facilities in traffic networks. Both the number and locations of P&R facilities are determined. The maximal coverage and minimal resource utilization criteria, which are generally conflicting, are simultaneously considered to reveal the trade-off between the quality and cost of coverage. Furthermore, the concept of passenger flow volume per cost is defined and several properties of the model solutions are analyzed. Finally, this model is applied to site P&R facilities in Anaheim, California. Application results show the trade-offs associated with passenger flow volume, cost and passenger flow volume per cost, and the effects of spatial equity constraints on the spatial deployment of P&R facilities.
Shiquan Zhong, Baozhen Yao, Juanjuan Hu, Shuiping Ke, Xuelian Wang, Jingxian Zhao
2015 (Vol 27), Issue 4
Effective bus travel time prediction is essential in transit operation system. An improved support vector machine (SVM) is applied in this paper to predict bus travel time and then the efficiency of the improved SVM is checked. The improved SVM is the combination of traditional SVM, Grubbs’ test method and an adaptive algorithm for bus travel-time prediction. Since error data exists in the collected data, Grubbs’ test method is used for removing outliers from input data before applying the traditional SVM model. Besides, to decrease the influence of the historical data in different stages on the forecast result of the traditional SVM, an adaptive algorithm is adopted to dynamically decrease the forecast error. Finally, the proposed approach is tested with the data of No. 232 bus route in Shenyang. The results show that the improved SVM has good prediction accuracy and practicality.
Murat Darçın, Murat Alkan
2015 (Vol 27), Issue 4
Previous research has shown that mobile phone use while driving increases the risk of being involved in an accident. This paper investigates the reported frequency of taxi drivers' mobile phone use and its effects on traffic safety. A representative sample of taxi drivers was included in an interview-based survey by trained interviewers. It was found that 81% of the taxi drivers reported talking by using hand-held phone while driving. There is a relationship between the phoning while driving and drivers' self-reported involvement in a dangerous situation. It is clear that the use of mobile phone while driving is an important traffic safety issue.
Çağlar Koşun, Hüseyin Murat Çelik, Serhan Özdemir
2015 (Vol 27), Issue 4
Traffic flow data are stochastic in nature, and an abundance of literature exists thereof. One way to express stochastic data is the Langevin equation. Langevin equation consists of two parts. The first part is known as the deterministic drift term, the other as the stochastic diffusion term. Langevin equation does not only help derive the deterministic and random terms of the selected portion of the city of Istanbul traffic empirically, but also sheds light on the underlying dynamics of the flow. Drift diagrams have shown that slow lane tends to get congested faster when vehicle speeds attain a value of 25 km/h, and it is 20 km/h for the fast lane. Three or four distinct regimes may be discriminated again from the drift diagrams; congested, intermediate, and free-flow regimes. At places, even the intermediate regime may be divided in two, often with readiness to congestion. This has revealed the fact that for the selected portion of the highway, there are two main states of flow, namely, congestion and free-flow, with an intermediate state where the noise-driven traffic flow forces the flow into either of the distinct regimes.
Polona Tominc, Urban Šebjan
2015 (Vol 27), Issue 4
The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the importance of different determinants and their impact on the severity of injuries of individuals in road traffic accidents, so that measures that are supposed to prevent or reduce severe injury consequences can be developed. In this paper three research models have been built. Model I was built to study the impact of demographic factors (gender and age) on the individual’s likelihood to wear a seat-belt while Model II to study the impact of demographic factors (gender and age) and the impact of wearing a seat belt on the likelihood that fatal injuries of individuals in road traffic accidents occur. Model III was formed to study the impact of several environmental factors on the likelihood that the accident involves severe or fatal injuries of road traffic accident participants. Altogether our study revealed that middle-aged individuals (over 25 years and up to 65 years old) are less likely to wear a seat belt and at the same time more likely to suffer fatal injuries in road traffic accidents. This is the result that implies that the targeted policy measures to the population between 25 and 65 years of age are needed to reduce the fatal injuries occurrence in Slovenia.
Siniša Husnjak, Ivan Forenbacher, Tino Bucak
2015 (Vol 27), Issue 4
The methods of measuring driving behaviour and the quality of drive in road transport are important factors in data acquisition and subsequent analysis of driving. The prevalence of smart terminal devices and cost effectiveness of On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) sensor devices provide great potential and the availability of the aforementioned technologies. This study shows the possibility of using information and communication technologies (ICT) and sensor devices for measuring the effectiveness of eco-driving. The ease of implementation of ICT elements, the accuracy of collected data and their storage for later data analysis offer a number of possibilities to use. This study shows the technical solution of the system and analysis of collected data on actual driving samples. By comparing normal and eco-driving modes, the advantage of using eco-driving modes is demonstrated through reduced fuel consumption and CO2 emissions amounting to almost 23% and 31%, respectively.
Hui Han, Eva Ponce Cueto
2015 (Vol 27), Issue 4
Waste generation is an issue which has caused wide public concern in modern societies, not only for the quantitative rise of the amount of waste generated, but also for the increasing complexity of some products and components. Waste collection is a highly relevant activity in the reverse logistics system and how to collect waste in an efficient way is an area that needs to be improved. This paper analyzes the major contribution about Waste Collection Vehicle Routing Problem (WCVRP) in literature. Based on a classification of waste collection (residential, commercial and industrial), firstly the key findings for these three types of waste collection are presented. Therefore, according to the model (Node Routing Problems and Arc Routing problems) used to represent WCVRP, different methods and techniques are analyzed in this paper to solve WCVRP. This paper attempts to serve as a roadmap of research literature produced in the field of WCVRP.
